Adjectives (adjetivos)

01. (EEAR) Read the extract and answer question.

A very healthy food

A recent study, carried out by the Federal University
of Pará, concluded that açaí helps prevent cardiovascular
diseases, such as heart attacks and strokes. The fruit also
5 has other benefits for our health: it helps the intestines

[5] work well and efficiently. It also delays the aging process
in cells. In addition to all these benefits, other studies
done recently ______ that the fruit is also good for
our sight and stimulates our memory.

(Adapted from www.maganews.com)

GLOSSARY

carried out — realizado

stroke — derrame

All words, taken from the text, are adverbs, except:

1. well
2. healthy
3. recently
4. efficiently

02. (URCA) The underlined words DO NOT function as determinants in:

1. an accessible and multiethnic nation.
2. an eightminute pitch.
3. ready to reengage with the world
4. the most compelling message.
5. a stunning visual backdrop.

03. (UEMG) Read the passage below to complete the gaps with the relative pronouns (1- 4):

Online friends are people _______ always post messages and pictures of the places _______ they are, _______ they are with and ______ they are doing.

1. what

2. who

3. whom

4. where

The CORRECT sequence is:

1. (1), (3), (2), (4)
2. (3), (1), (4), (2)
3. (4), (2), (1), (3)
4. (2), (4), (3), (1)

04. (FCM) The Brazilian elections results rank among the fastest to be announced in the world. Two weeks ago, merely 7 hours after the ballots were closed, 100% of the states had declared their winners – or runoff candidates, where applicable.

While there’s still some debate over the security of a completely electronic voting process, it’s undeniable that for a country like Brazil, where there are more than 130 million voters (and voting is mandatory), no other method could be so effective.

If the electronic system is not fail-proof, voting on paper has its flaws as well. It’s a matter of continuous development of security features and auditing tools. The speed provided by the Brazilian system is decisive, though. Rapid results minimize social tension and fraud accusations, while improving accuracy, both on voting and counting – and that helps democracy.

Source: PSFK.com (Adapted from http://www.psfk.com/2010/10/, October/2010)

In the sentence: “While there’s still some debate over the security of a completely electronic voting process, it’s undeniable that for a country like Brazil, where there are more than 130 million voters (and voting is mandatory), no other method could be so effective.” the words in bold could be respectively replaced by:

1. incontestable, successful.
2. irrefutable, beaten.
3. questionable, valuable.
4. uncertain, important.
5. unquestionable, weak.

05. (EN) Which is the correct way to complete the paragraph below?

Unclean Water Kilis Half a Million Newborns a Year

In 18 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, access to water in health care facilities is as 20 percent. Access to water in larger hospitais is typically than it is in smaller, primary health clinics, where most people receive their care, the report finds.

(Adapted from http://www.newsweek.com)

1. low as/better
2. low/better
3. less than/good
4. least/good
5. less than/best

06. (IFRS) Digital dementia: The memory problem plaguing teens and young adults

[1] Dementia is a disease that typically affects the elderly. But recently, a new cognitive condition has

[2] been discovered that is afflicting people in their teens and 20s. It’s called “digital dementia.”

[3] A recent study from South Korea found that individuals who rely heavily on technology may suffer a

[4] deterioration in cognitive abilities such as short term memory dysfunction.

[5] Dr. Carolyn Brockington from St. Luke’s Roosevelt Medical Center in New York City sat down with Dr.

[6] Manny Alvarez, senior managing health editor for FoxNews.com, to talk about this new phenomenon.

[7] She said one of the reasons younger adults are suffering from poor memory is because they don’t feel the

[8] need to memorize information anymore. “The problem is that we’re using technology, which is good, but

[9] we’re overusing in many ways,” Brockington said. “We’re not relying on our brains to sort of retrieve the

[10] information when we need it.”

[11] _________ elderly dementia is typically a permanent condition, Brockington said that’s not necessarily

[12] the case with digital dementia. __________ , she said these kind of memory issues could affect future

[13] generations.“I think they use dementia in this case just to mean a memory problem,” she said. “But you

[14] know, if you think over an evolutionary time period, if we use the brain in this way and we don’t use our

[15] short-term memory, maybe years and years (later) we’re going to have difficulty with short-term memory.”

[16] In order to counteract the effects of digital dementia, Brockington suggests engaging in more conventional

[17] forms of communication. “Have a conversation,” she recommended. “…Don’t always text. You know, you

[18] go to the restaurant, and you see people sitting over a meal, and everybody’s on their cell phone. Nobody’s

[19] having a communication or talking sessions, so that’s important.”

[20] Brockington said exercise is also important for brain function, because it increases blood flow and the

[21] transportation of nutrients. __________ , the best way for people to learn is to read an actual book rather

[22] than a computer screen – and then try to recall information without the aid of technology. “Don’t always go

[23] to the Internet or go to your cell phone in order to find answers,” Brockington said. “You have many of the

[24] answers in your brain and actually using your retrieval mechanism of your memory allows your memory to

[25] get better and better over time.”

Disponível em: <http: //www.foxnews.com/health/2013/08/15/digital-dementia-memory-problem-plaguing-teens-and-young-adults />. Acesso em: 18 set. 2013.

Considere as seguintes afirmativas sobre algumas palavras usadas no texto

I - “condition” (linha 01) poderia ser substituída, sem prejuízo de significado, por “disease”.

II - “kind” (linha 12) é um substantivo e significa o mesmo que “type”.

III - “actual” (linha 21 ) pode ser traduzida como “moderno”.

IV- “better” (linha 25) corresponde ao superlativo do adjetivo “good”.

Estão corretas as afirmativas

1. I e II.
2. I e III.
3. II e IV.
4. I, II e IV.
5. II, III e IV.

07. (PUC-RS) INSTRUCTION: Answer question in relation to text.

TEXT

The agency has no official plans for a mission to the
Jovian moon, whose icy crust covers a watery ocean in
which life could theoretically exist. But spurred by intense
congressional interest and several recent discoveries,
[5] NASA is seeking ideas for instruments that could fly on a mission to Europa.

The groundswell of enthusiasm is likely to be bolstered by
the latest big news, reported on 7 September, that there
may be giant plates of ice shuffling around on Europac
[10] – much as plates of rock do on Earth (S. A. Kattenhorn
and L. M. Prockter Nature Geosci. 2014). Such active
geology suggests that Europa’s icy surface is connected
to its buried ocean – creating a possible pathway for salts,
minerals and maybe even microbes to get from the ocean
[15] to the surface and back again.

Kattenhorn and Prockter propose a system of plate
tectonics that involves a shell of ice a few kilometers thick
sliding around on warmer, more fluid ice. When one plate
hits another and begins to dive downwards – or subduct
[20] – it melts and becomes incorporated in the underlying
ice, the duo proposes.

Places have already been spotted on Europa where fresh
ice crust is being born, but the latest research is the first
to pinpoint where it might be going to die.

[25] But without high-resolution images from more areas,
researchers cannot tell whether subduction might also be
happening in other locations. If it turns out to be common,
it might mean that the moon could be cycling life-friendly
compounds between the surface and the deep, and

[30] that substantially increases the chance that its ocean is
habitable, says Michael Bland, a planetary scientist at the
US Geological Survey in Flagstaff, Arizona.

The discovery adds to excitement set off in December,
when scientists reported plumes of water vapour spurting
[35] out at Europa’s south pole. The plumes have not been
seen since, and they may or may not be related to
Europa’s newly appreciated system of plate tectonics.

NASA now needs to figure out what kind of mission might
best explore these discoveries.

Adapted from http://www.scientifi camerican.com/article (acesso em setembro de 2014).

The “-ly” in “life-friendly” (line 28) performs the same grammar role as in

1. sisterly.
2. gradually.
3. recently.
4. chiefly.
5. gladly.

08. (EN) Based on the text below, answer question.

The Future of Libraries Has Little to Do with Books

On a Monday morning between Christmas and New Year's Eve in Paris, the line for modern art museum Centre Georges Pompidou winds around the block. But the patrons waiting in the cold aren't there to catch a aqlimpse of a Magritte –they're young locais queueing for access through the museum's back door to another attraction: the public library.

In a digital age that has left book publishers reeling, libraries in the world's major cities seem poised for a comeback, though it's one that has very little to do with books. The Independent Library Report – published in December by the U.K.'s Department for Culture, Media, and Sport – found that libraries across the nation are reinventing themselves by increasingly becoming "vibrant and attractive community hubs", focusing on the "need to create digital literacy, and in an ideal world, digital fluency."

Taking into account the proliferation of freelancing, the gig economy, and remote working (also known as 'technomadism'), the rise of library as community hub begins to make sense. Cities are increasingly attracting location independent workers, and those workers need space and amenities that expensive and unreliable coffee shops simply cannot provide enough of.

Furthermore, when one considers that the most vulnerable and underserved city dwellers are also those who generaliy do not have access to the Internet, the need for a free and publicly connected space becomes even clearer.

According to a 2013 Pew poll, 90 percent in the U.s. said their community would be negatively impacted if their local library closed. But if libraries are going to survive the digital age, they need to be more about helping patrons filter vast quantities of digital information rather than access to analog materials. Good news came for U.s. libraries in November, when Federal Communications Commission Chairman Tom Wheeler announced a 62 percent increase in spending on high-speed Internet for schools and public libraries.

When it comes to this need for connectivity, Britain's library report stated a "Wi-Fi connection should be delivered in a comfortable, retail standard environment with the usual amenities of coffee, sofas and etc." The report suggested that libraries focus less on loaning physical books and more on widening access via loaning of e-books, which the report noted was up by 80 percent in Britain from 2013.

Also in 2013, the first bookless public library in the United States opened in san Antonio, Texas. The city's BiblioTech offers an all-digital, cloud-based collection of more than 10,000 e-books, plus e-readers available for checkout. Located in San Antonio's underserved South Side, the BiblioTech provides an important digital hub in a city with a population that still struggles to connect to wireless Internet. Last month saw the opening of Canada'!s Halifax Central Library, designed by a world-leading Danish design firm. With its auditorium, meeting space for entrepreneurs, multiple cafes, adult literacy classes and gaming facilities, actual books seemed like an afterthought.

(Abridged from http://magazine.good.is/articles/public-libraries-reimagined)

The word "unreliable" in "[...] those workers need space and amenities that expensive and unreliable coffee shops simply cannot provide enough of." is the opposite of

1. dependable.
2. independent.
3. dependent.
4. insufficient.
5. expensive.

09. (FCM) TEXTO

Understanding Anxiety Disorder

Many of us worry from time to time. We fret over finances, feel anxious about job interviews, or get nervous about social gatherings. These feelings can be normal or even helpful. They may give us a boost of energy or help us focus. But for people with anxiety disorders, they can be overwhelming.

Anxiety disorders affect nearly 1 in 5 American adults each year. People with these disorders have feelings of fear and uncertainty that interfere with everyday activities and last for 6 months or more. Anxiety disorders can also raise your risk for other medical problems such as heart disease, diabetes, substance abuse, and depression.

The good news is that most anxiety disorders get better with therapy. The course of treatment depends on the type of anxiety disorder. Medications, psychotherapy (“talk therapy”), or a combination of both can usually relieve troubling symptoms.

“Anxiety disorders are one of the most treatable mental health problems we see,” says Dr. Daniel Pine, an NIH neuroscientist and psychiatrist. “Still, for reasons we don’t fully understand, most people who have these problems don’t get the treatments that could really help them.”

One of the most common types of anxiety disorder is social anxiety disorder, or social phobia. It affects both women and men equally—a total of about 15 million U.S. adults. Without treatment, social phobia can last for years or even a lifetime. People with social phobia may worry for days or weeks before a social event. They’re often embarrassed, selfconscious, and afraid of being judged. They find it hard to talk to others. They may blush, sweat, tremble, or feel sick to their stomach when around other people.

(Adapted from: www.newsinhealth.nih.gov)

In the last paragraph, the word “embarrassed” brings the idea of:

1. Regretting something
2. Very tired
3. Lost and hopeless
4. Ready to start over
5. Feeling awkward

10. (ACAFE) Text 1

A French art expert believes a charcoal drawing kept in a collection for more than 150 years may be a preparatory sketch made by Leonardo da Vinci of the Mona Lisa.

The black-and-white drawing of a woman, nude from the waist up, known as the Monna Vanna, was previously attributed to Leonardo’s studio, suggesting it was done in his style by a pupil or follower, not by the master himself.

But after preliminary tests at the Louvre Museum, experts believe the sketch may well have been drawn by Leonardo.

Among the signs, according to curator Mathieu Deldicque, are the fact the drawing was made during the same period as the Mona Lisa, the paper is from the same region of Italy, and the technique is very similar to that of the Mona Lisa.

“We know the drawing was made during the lifetime of Leonardo da Vinci, we know that the paper was made in Italy, between Venice and Florence, and the third discovery is the high quality of this drawing in the face of the Monna Vanna and in her arms,” Deldicque told reporters.

“That’s very interesting because the arms are the same as the Mona Lisa‘s.” Leonardo, who lived from 1452 to 1519, was an engineer, scientist, inventor and sculptor, as well as one of the finest artists of the Italian Renaissance.

He painted the Mona Lisa, also known as La Gioconda and regarded as the world’s most valuable artwork, at the beginning of the 16th century. It is believed to depict Lisa

Gherardini, the wife of a successful merchant.

EXCITING

The charcoal portrait, in which the woman is holding a similar pose to the Mona Lisa but with her body more side-on and her head turned further over her left shoulder, has been held in a collection at the Conde Museum at the Palace of Chantilly, north of Paris, since 1862.

The Mona Lisa and Monna Vanna hold their hands in very similar ways, the right hand across the left and resting on the forearm, the fingers gently extended. Deldicque said that while it was exciting to think the charcoal drawing was created by Leonardo, there were more tests to be done.

“We have one more month of analysis and then a very slow process of history of art with a collection of analysts and advice by specialists,” he said.

It is possible that process will determine that the authorship is the same. But it may also be inconclusive, he said, adding: “Maybe the mystery will remain.”

(Source: adaptedfromhttp://www.reuters.com/article/usfrancemonalisasketch/is16th-century-charcoal-sketch-a-naked-mona-lisa-idUSKCN1C42LD, retrievedon October 1, 2017)

What’s a synonym for “naked” in Text 1?

1. sketch
2. charcoal
3. nude
4. pupil